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Parametric study of a linear elastic pipeline under in-plane bending



Elbows are used in piping systems because they ovalize more readily than straight pipes and, thus, provide flexibility in response to thermal expansion and other loadings that impose significant displacements on the system. The elbow is, thus, behaving as a shell rather than as a beam. This example demonstrates the ability of elbow elements to model the nonlinear response of initially circular pipes and pipebends accurately when the distortion of the cross-section by ovalization is significant.

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